PowerPoint Presentation - Dr. Craig ZumBrunnen Co-Director Program on the Environment & Professor Department of Geography University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 craigzb@u.washington.edu

Direct Governmental Regulation - 3

•problem areas:

–use of “same” standards internalizes only part of the external costs

–fails to make use differing physical geographic environments

–requiring “same” technology discourages development of better & cheaper pollution control and resource conservation technology

–can force out small firms lacking sufficient investment capital

–standards & regulations tend to be ones that are enforceable rather than optimal

–problems with overlapping & conflicting jurisdictions

–complaints that “polluters” don’t pay for damages

–lobbying efforts can delay & weaken compliance via courts, revised legislation & administrative procedures