Application: to estimate the economic value of
ecosystem products
or services that contribute to the production of
commercially marketed goods
Easiest applications:
¥cases where the ES in question is a perfect substitute
for other inputs
¥cases where only producers of final good benefit from
changes in quantity or quality of
the ES
Data needs:

¥ costs of
production for the final good
¥ supply and
demand for the final good
¥ supply and
demand for other factors of production