Pharmacology of Neuraxial Drugs
Sophistry in medicine: lessons from the epidural space. by Christopher M. Bernards MD, in Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2005 Jan-Feb;30(1):56-66.
This is a must-read article for anesthesia residents, both for the information regarding the disposition of drugs in the CNS, and also for what it has to say about our "beliefs" in medicine.
Neuraxial drug administration: a review of treatment options for anaesthesia and analgesia. by Schug SA, Saunders D, Kurowski I, Paech MJ. in CNS Drugs. 2006;20(11):917-33.
Epidural, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma pharmacokinetics of epidural opioids (part 1): differences among opioids. (part 2): effect of epinephrine. by Bernards CM, Shen DD, Sterling ES, Adkins JE, Risler L, Phillips B, Ummenhofer W. in Anesthesiology. 2003 Aug;99(2):455-65. and Anesthesiology. 2003 Aug;99(2):466-75.
Recent insights into the pharmacokinetics of spinal opioids and the relevance to opioid selection. by Christopher M Bernards MD - in Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2004 Oct;17(5):441-7.