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Cell Body: Also called the soma; the part of the cell that contains the nucleus.
Dendrites: Extensions from the neuron cell body that take information TO the cell body.
Myelin: Fatty substance that surrounds some axons. Speeds up conduction velocity of action potentials.
Node of Ranvier: Gaps in the myelination of axons.
Nucleus: part of the neuron that contains chromosomes (genetic material).
Synaptic Terminal: the end of the axon containing vesicles with neurotransmitters.