In the first part of this lecture we will describe how nineteenth century scientists concluded that atoms existed without ever seeing one. We will show that the atomic theory of Dalton can explain (a) the law of conservation of mass, (b) the law of definite proportions, (c) the law of multiple proportions and (d) the law of combining volumes.
In the second part of this lecture will we make the connection between individual atoms and molecules as microscopic entities and the macroscopic quantities of matter that chemists usually work with. The structure of atoms is described in terms of a nucleus and surrounding electrons. Then the concepts of isotopes, atomic and molecular masses and the mole will be introduced.
To prepare for this lecture, we suggest that you read sections 1-3, 1-4 and 1-6 of Oxtoby.
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