38 Hoyin Lai and Albert Folch, "Design and characterization of "single-stroke" peristaltic PDMS micropumps", Lab Chip 11, 336 (2011).
  We demonstrate a new design of PDMS peristaltic pumps operated with a single control line.
   
37 Anna Boardman, Tim Chang, Albert Folch, and Norman J. Dovichi, "Indium-Tin Oxide Coated Microfabricated Device for the Injection of a Single Cell into a Fused Silica Capillary for Chemical Cytometry", Analytical Chemistry 82, 9959 (2010).
  We describe a microfabricated device for the capture and injection of a single mammalian cell into a fused silica capillary for subsequent analysis by chemical cytometry.
   
36 Nirveek Bhattacharjee, Nianzhen Li, Thomas M. Keenan, and Albert Folch, "A neuron-benign microfluidic gradient generator for studying the response of mammalian neurons towards axon guidance factors", Integrative Biology 2, 669 (2010).
  We record axonal growth of mouse embryonic cortical neurons in response to netrin gradients generated with a low-shear, open-bath microfluidic device.
   
35 David M. Cate, Christopher Sip, and Albert Folch, "A microfluidic platform for generation of sharp gradients in open-access culture", Biomicrofluidics 4, 044105 (2010).
  We demonstrate a membrane-based gradient generator that is compatible with open cell cultures.
     
34 John M. Hoffman, Mitsuhiro Ebara, James J. Lai, Allan S. Hoffman, Albert Folch, and Patrick Stayton, "A helical flow, circular microreactor for separating and enriching "smart: polymer-antibody capture reagents", Lab Chip 10, 3130 (2010).
We report a mechanistic study of how flow and recirculation in a microreactor can be used to optimize the capture and release of stimuli-responsive polymer–protein reagents on stimuli-responsive polymer-grafted channel surfaces.
     
33 Ellen Tenstad, Anna Tourovskaia, Albert Folch, Ola Myklebost, and Edith Rian, "Extensive adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of patterned human mesenchymal stem cells in a microfluidic device", Lab Chip 10, 1401 (2010).--> Inside cover article
Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of patterned human mesenchymal stem cells is demonstrated using long-term microfluidic perfusion.
     
32 Figueroa, X.A., Cooksey, G.A., Votaw, S.V., Horowitz, L.F., and Folch, A., "Large-scale investigation of the olfactory receptor space using a microfluidic microwell array", Lab Chip 10, 1120 (2010). --> Cover article & Cited in Chemical Technology Highlights section.
We show simultaneous calcium recordings of mouse dissociated olfactory sensory neurons in large microarrays so that the whole repertoire of mouse olfactory receptors is probed in one experiment.
     
31 Keenan, T.M., Frevert, C.W., Wu, A., Wong, V., and Folch, A., "A New Method for Studying Gradient-Induced Neutrophil Desensitization Based on an Open Microfluidic Chamber", Lab Chip 10, 116 (2010).
This paper demonstrates neutrophil chemotaxis measurements in an open microfluidic chamber.
     
30 Sidorova, J.M. Li, N., Schwartz, D.C., Folch, A., and Monnat Jr., R.J. "Microfluidic-assisted analysis of replicating DNA molecules", Nature Protocols 4, 849 (2009).
This paper presents detailed protocols on how to stretch DNA on glass surfaces using microfluidic channels.
     
29 Cooksey, G.A., Sip, C.G., and Folch, A., "A multi-purpose microfluidic perfusion system with combinatorial choice of inputs, mixtures, gradient patterns, and flow rates", Lab on a Chip 9, 417 (2009).
We demonstrate a microfluidic perfusion system where the user can choose one of 64 combinations of 2,4, 8 or 16 inlets, stepwise or smoothened gradients, homogeneized mixtures, and 16 levels of flow rates going into a chamber designed for cell culture applications.
   
28 Tourovskaia, A., Li, N., and Folch, A., "Localized acetylcholine receptor clustering dynamics in response to microfluidic focal stimulation with agrin", Biophys. J. 95, 3009 (2008) --> Cited in Lab on a Chip Research Highlights section.
In this paper we show that the synaptogenic factor agrin can have an important role in stabilizing agrin-predating acetylcholine receptor clusters.
   
27 Sidorova, J.M., Li, N., Folch, A., and Monnat Jr., R. "The RecQ helicase WRN is required for normal replication fork progression after DNA damage or replication fork arrest", Cell Cycle 7, 796 (2008).
We use flow in microchannels to stretch DNA on the surface for fundamental studies of genomic stability and prediction of DNA-targeting chemotherapy outcomes.
   
26 Keenan, T.M. and Folch, A. "Biomolecular gradients in cell culture systems", Lab on a Chip 8, 35 (2008) --> Cited in the cover.
In this paper we review the major biological phenomena in which biomolecule gradients are employed, traditional in vitro gradient-generating methods developed over the past 50 years, and new microfluidic devices for generating gradients.
   
25 Chen, H.-H., Purtteman, J.J.P., Heimfeld, S., Folch, A., and Gao, D. "Development of a Microfluidic Device for Determination of Cell Osmotic Behavior and Membrane Transport Properties", Cryobiol. 55, 200 (2007).
We demonstrate the measurement of volumetric changes of single cells trapped in microchannels in response to osmolarity changes for cryobiology applications.
   
24 Seng, K.-Y., Figueroa-Masot, X., Folch, A., and Vicini, P. "Objective Quantification of Acetylcholine Receptor Aggregation Using Fast Fourier Transforms", Comp. Meth. Prog. Biomed. 85, 220 (2007).
We were able to automate the measurement of acetylcholine receptor clustering in myotube cultures.
   
23 Lam, E.W., Cooksey, G.A., Finlayson, B.A., and Folch, A., "Microfluidic Circuits with Tunable Flow Resistances", Applied Physics Letters 89, 164105 (2006) --> featured in the Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science & Technology (Vol. 14, Iss. 18).
In this paper we present the concept and implementation of a microfluidic "resistor" (a segment of a microchannel with user-controlled flow resistance).
     
22 Hsu, C.-H. and Folch, A., "Spatiotemporally- Complex Concentration Profiles Using a Tunable Chaotic Micromixer", Applied Physics Letters 89, 144102 (2006) --> featured in the Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science & Technology (Vol. 14, Iss. 16).
We demonstrate the generation of temporal sequences of complex concentration profiles using a single device containing tunable microtopographies.
   
21

Chen, C. and Folch, A., "A High-Performance Elastomeric Patch Clamp Chip", Lab on a Chip 6, 1338 (2006).

We report a microfluidic patch clamp chip that allows for performing whole-cell recordings with unprecedented yields and exchanges of the extracellular and intracellular solutions.
   
20 Tourovskaia, A., Figueroa-Masot, X. and Folch, A., "Long-term Microfluidic Cultures of Myotube Microarrays for High-Throughput Focal Stimulation ", Nature Protocols 1, 1092 (2006).
In this paper we report the precise protocols for culturing and focally stimulating single-myotube microarrays in a microfluidic device.
     
19 Keenan, T.M., Hsu, C.-H., and Folch, A. "Microfluidic "Jets" for Generating Steady-State Gradients of Soluble Molecules on Open Surfaces", Applied Physics Letters 89, 114103 (2006) --> featured in the Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science & Technology (Vol. 14, Iss. 13) and in the Virtual Journal of Biological Physics Research (Vol. 12, Iss. 6).
In this paper we demonstrate the use of microfluidic "jets" to create dynamic gradients of soluble molecules on open surfaces.
     
18 Frevert, C.W., Boggy, G., Keenan, T.M., and Folch, A. "Measurement of Cell Migration in Response to an Evolving Radial Chemokine Gradient Triggered by a Microvalve", Lab on a Chip 6, 849 (2006) --> cited in the cover.
In this paper we use a microfluidic valve to create chemotactic gradients and obtain neutrophil migration measurements correlated with spatiotemporal gradient values.
     
17 Tourovskaia, A., T.F. Kosar, and Folch, A. "Local Induction of Acetylcholine Receptor Clustering in Myotube Cultures Using Microfluidic Application of Agrin", Biophysical Journal 90, 2192 (2006).
This paper shows the local clustering of acetylcholine receptors on selected areas of cultured myotubes using microfluidic focal application of agrin.
     
16 T.F. Kosar, Tourovskaia, A., Figueroa-Masot, X., Adams, M., and Folch, A. "A Nanofabricated Planar Aperture as a Mimic of the Nerve-Muscle Contact During Synaptogenesis", Lab Chip 6, 632 (2006). --> featured in Chemical Biology (top-viewed article in May 2006) and in the Faculty of 1000 Biology.
This article demonstrates that nanofluidic delivery of soluble agrin to myotubes induces local clustering of acetylcholine receptors.
   
15 Li, N. and Folch, A. "Integration of topographical and biochemical cues by axons during growth on microfabricated 3-D substrates", Experimental Cell Research 311, 307 (2005).
This paper reports effects of the microscale substrate composition and topography on axon growth in cultured embryonic cortical neurons.
     
14 Li, N., Hsu, C.-H., and Folch, A. "Parallel mixing of Photolithographically-Defined Nanoliter Volumes Using Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays", Electrophoresis 26, 3758 (2005).
This article demonstrates the use of microvalve arrays to create multiple titrations simultaneously (demonstration of a calcium-sensitive dye calibration).
     
13 Stucky, N.L., Chen, C., Kosar, T.F., and Folch, A. "Fabrication of Microfluidically-Accessible Planar Nanoholes on Elastomeric Substrates", Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 1, 384 (2005).
This paper reports the fabrication of nanoholes on silicon nitride membranes to stimulate cells from underneath the cell culture surface.
     
12 Kosar, T.F., Chen, C., Stucky, N.L., and Folch, A. "Arrays of Microfluidically-Addressable Nanoholes", Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 1, 161 (2005).
This paper reports the fabrication of nanoholes on silicon nitride membranes to stimulate cells from underneath the cell culture surface.
     
11 Rettig, J.R. and Folch, A. "Large-Scale Single-Cell Trapping and Imaging Using Microwell Arrays", Analytical Chemistry 77, 5628 (2005).
This article demonstrates the use of microwells to trap single cells in large arrays.
     
10 Keenan, T.M., Hooker, A., Spilker, M. E., Boggy, G. J., Li, N., Vicini, P., and Folch, A. "Automated Identification of Axonal Growth Cones in Time-Lapse Image Sequences", J. Neurosci. Methods 151, 232 (2005).
This paper reports an image recognition software to track and quantitate the growth of axons from sequences of time-lapse phase-contrast micrographs of neurons growing on a flat substrate.
     
9 Hsu, C.-H., Chen, C., and Folch, A. "Microfluidic Devices with Tunable Microtopographies", Applied Physics Letters 86, 023508 (2005) --> featured in the Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science & Technology (Vol. 11, Iss. 2) and in the Virtual Journal of Biological Physics Research (Vol. 9, Iss. 2).
This paper implements our tunable-microtopography technique inside a microfluidic channel to demonstrate novel micromixers and fluid traps.
     
8 Tourovskaia, A., Figueroa-Masot, X. and Folch, A., "Differentiation-on-a-chip: A Microfluidic Platform for Long-Term Cell Culture Studies", Lab on a Chip 5, 14 (2005) --> cited in the cover and featured in Sample Content (thus available free of charge).
This paper demonstrates the first 2-week-long cell culture in a (optionally, heterogeneous) microfluidic environment.
     
7 Hoffman, J., Shao, J., Hsu, C.-H., and Folch, A. "Elastomeric Molds with Tunable Microtopographies", Advanced Materials 16, 2201 (2004).
This paper reports a micromolding method based on molds whose microtopography can be tuned by the user, thereby producing features that are difficult or impossible to obtain by traditional photolithography.
     
6 Hsu, C.-H., Chen, C., and Folch, A. "'Microcanals' for Micropipette Access to Single Cells in Microfluidic Environments", Lab on a Chip 4, 420 (2004) --> featured in the RSC's Chemical Biology Virtual Journal (2004, Iss. 19).
This paper reports the first implementation of open-air microfluidic channels and their use to probe single cells with micropipettes within a microfluidic environment.
5 Neils, C. M., Tyree, Z., Finlayson, B., and Folch, A. "Combinatorial Mixing of Microfluidic Streams", Lab on a Chip 4, 342 (2004)--> featured in The Washington Post.
In this paper we describe a microfluidic mixer that outputs all the sixteen combinations of four titrations of two dyes in continuous flow.
   
4 Li, N., Tourovskaia, A., and Folch, A. "Biology on a Chip: Microfabrication in Cell Culture Studies", Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering 31, 68 (2003).
This paper reviews work on cell culture studies that incorporate microfabrication in order to modulate the microenvironment of cells.
     
3 Chen, C., Hirdes, D., and Folch, A. "Gray-Scale Photolithography Using Microfluidic Photomasks", Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences 100, 1499 (2003) --> see feature in the New York Times, Materials Today, Science News, Physics World, Photonics Spectra, Biophotonics International, and Physics Web.
This paper reports the development of photolithographic masks that contain fluidic features of tunable opacity, yielding unique 3D microstructures.
   
2 Tourovskaia, A., Barber, T., Wickes, B., Hirdes, D., Grin, B., Castner, D. G., Healy, K. E., and Folch, A. "Micropatterns of Chemisorbed Cell Adhesion-Repellent Films Using Oxygen Plasma Etching and Elastomeric Masks", Langmuir 19, 4754 (2002).

This paper reports a method to confine cells for many days to micropatterns of proteins adsorbed on glass.

   
1

Folch, A. and Toner, M. "Microengineering of Cellular Interactions", Annual Rev. of Biomedical Engineering 2, 227 (2000).

This paper is a review that covers microfabrication techniques used to modulate cell-substrate, cell-cell, and cell-medium interactions.